case study in qualitative research

Explanatory case studies aim to answer ‘how’ or ’why’ questions with little control on behalf of researcher over occurrence of events. Some researchers argue that aggregation and interpretation are included in analysis, as well. Case study methods. Because this study method covers both qualitative and quantitative approaches, significant studies are made in the field. The research question not only dictates the methods of data collection, but also the methods of data analysis. A case study is a research approach in which one or a few instances of a phenomenon are studied in depth. 2nd edn. Topics: Marketing, Management, Social media Pages: 4 (971 words) Published: December 3, 2015. Case study evaluations, using one or more qualitative methods, have been used to investigate important practical and policy questions in health care. This ensures that the issue is not explored through one lens, but rather a variety of lenses which allows for multiple facets of the phenomenon to be revealed and understood. Interpretivism (interpretivist) Research Philosophy, The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Dissertation in Business Studies: a step by step assistance. Issues to be explored, nature and exact number of participants, plans for recruitment and methods of data collection can be difficult to describe with complete certainty until case selection, or even later. When the approach is applied correctly, it becomes a … 4. The first foundation of the case study is the subject and relevance. Case studies may involve both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research Qualitative research is expressed in words. The value of the case study approach is well recognised in the fields of business, law and policy, but somewhat less so in health services research. Studies in business research belonging to this category usually describe culture or sub-culture, and they attempt to discover the key phenomena. The case study model looks into the single subject in-depth to elaborate it in a more comprehensive way. Single-subject research provides the statistical framework for making inferences from quantitative case-study data. Stake R. Multiple case study analysis. Given the time and cost restraints of many projects the more in-depth methods are often perceived as time consuming and frequently dismissed. ... For example, in surveys, observations or case studies, your data can be represented as numbers (e.g. One-on-one interviews . A case study may be defined as an in-depth exploration of a phenomenon, an individual process or an event based on the context that uses multiple techniques for data collection and analysis. I’ve been in the department now approximately a year and a half. Studies in business research belonging to this category usually describe culture or sub-culture, and they attempt to discover the key phenomena. As well as, a case study has an opportunity to bend several methods into justified research design. Qualitative research makes use of inquiry orientation which covers many forms of inquiry (Punch, 2005). The purpose of this qualitative case study is to understand administrators’ management of various student behaviors, collection of building-level data around student conduct, and use of such data to make student-level and building-level decisions for improvement. When the approach is applied correctly, it becomes a valuable method for health science research to develop theory, evaluate programs, and develop interventions. 5. In a multiple-case studies design, effects are studied between and within participants based on the context of the behavior. Interviews: personally asking people questions in one-on-one conversations. Participant Observation. A carefully selected sample of several participants is selected to allow for cross-case comparisons. Yin RK. While a holistic compilation of data cannot be counted and measured, data analysis in case studies is still methodical and systematic. The case study model looks into the single subject in-depth to elaborate it in a more comprehensive way. 2.2 Reliability and validity in case study research Although the term ‘Reliability’ is a concept used for testing or evaluating quantitative research, the idea is most often used in all kinds of research. Qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts. Newbury Park: Sage, 1993. A case study is, perhaps, the most widely used methodology due to its flexibility.Data for qualitative researches are typically obtained from different sources such as focus groups, interviews, observations of real-life settings, and documents. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to understand administrators’ management of various student behaviors, collection of building-level data around student conduct, and use of such data to The case study is one of the widely used types of q ualitative research methods that evolved over the last few years. Case Study Model. It is from Chapter 3, Qualitative Case Study Reseaarch in the book Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation by Sharan B. Merriam. Case studies are characterized by setting, context or environment, and holistic data collection methods and are used to inform theories, design future studies and develop interventions based on context. Richardson also served as the co-editor-in-chief of "Windhover," an award-winning literary and arts magazine. The qualitative methods described below are all likely to be used in case study research. [2] [3] Another suggestion is that case study should be defined as a "research strategy", an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context. Single-subject research provides the statistical framework for making inferences from quantitative case-study data. Most importantly, the case study method essentially forces people to make a decision about the question being studied, then defend their position through the use of facts. This paper describes the features of a well designed case study and gives examples showing how qualitative methods are used in evaluations of health services and health policy. The most frequently used qualitative research methods are one-on-one interviews, focus groups, ethnographic research, case study research, record keeping, and qualitative observation. "Case study research is a qualitative approach in which the investigator explores a bounded system (a case) or multiple bounded systems (cases) over time through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information (e.g., observations, interviews, audiovisual material, and documents and reports) and reports a case description and case-based themes" (ibid. Written data may be coded by identifying relevant points and examined for patterns. An explanatory study attempts to answer the "why" question behind a phenomenon, again without manipulating any aspect of the behavior. Perhaps because a case study focuses on a single unit, a single instance, the issue of generalizability looms larger here than with other types of qualitative research. There are different types of qualitative research methods like an in-depth interview, focus groups, ethnographic research, content analysis, case study research that are usually used. Researchers still need to be knowledgeable about the basics to create a comprehensive research report. My e-book, The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Dissertation in Business Studies: a step by step assistance offers practical assistance to complete a dissertation with minimum or no stress. 1. Revised and Expanded from Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. Example: “Impact of increasing levels of multiculturalism on marketing practices: A case study of McDonald’s Indonesia.”, Exploratory case studies aim to find answers to the questions of ‘what’ or ‘who’. To do a case study in qualitative research, carefully select a specific subject and use appropriate data collection methods and analysis to attempt to understand the subject and surrounding circumstances -- also called context. Each method includes multiple steps and requires in-depth explanation. The database also includes case studies outlining the research methods used in real research projects. 1. The case study method has grown into a valuable qualitative research method. Use a case study to investigate a research question in which the subject of the study and the context of the study are intertwined. ). It is based on an in-depth investigation of a single individual, group, or event. Qualitative case study is a research methodology that helps in exploration of a phenomenon within some particular context through various data sources, and it undertakes the exploration through variety of lenses in order to reveal multiple facets of … Unlike ethnographic research, case studies do not necessarily focus on cultural aspects of a group or its members. Case Study: A Strategic Research Methodology. The case study research design is also useful for testing whether scientific theories and models actually work in the real world. Formulate your research question. Research method is the effective tool towards gathering of information in sciences. She is currently teaching at a middle school. Case studies were the predominant research approach at the beginning of modern social science. using rating scales or counting frequencies) or as words (e.g. To gather observational data, you can complete direct observations and record field notes, or collect and analyze video or audio recordings. Although they are considered generic, this does not mean that they are done with mediocrity. Exploratory case study data collection method is often accompanied by additional data collection method(s) such as interviews, questionnaires, experiments etc. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544-559. However, much can be learned from a particular case. For example, a case study could be used to investigate the effects of inclusion versus separation in resource classes on the on-task behavior of a student with ADHD. Focus groups: asking questions and generating … Case studies may be included in larger quantitative or qualitative studies to provide a concrete illustration of findings, or they may be conducted independently, either longitudinally or in a more limited temporal period. According to Baxter and Jack (2010) qualitative case study is an approach to research that facilitates exploration of a phenomenon within its context using a variety of data sources. The e-book covers all stages of writing a dissertation starting from the selection of the research area to submitting the completed version of the work before the deadline. The value of the case study approach is well recognised in the fields of business, law and policy, but somewhat less so in health services research. In this study, case study design which is one of the qualitative research methods was used. In the view of Yin, “the case study represents an empirical research that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, and includes a method comprehensive, with the logic of planning, gathering and data analysis.†Can include both single case studies as multiple, as well as quantitative approaches and qualitative research. A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. Thankfully, we designed Quirkos to do just that, and you can download a free trial to see how it can help your qualitative analysis and case study research! Qualitative research methods are designed in a manner that help reveal the behavior and perception of a target audience with reference to a particular topic. However, some methods are more commonly used in one type or the other. Case studies are commonly used in social, educational, clinical, and business research. Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). In qualitative research, the context informs the research question. In this video, Dr Jade Catterson discusses her approach to research using qualitative methods. [2] [3] Another suggestion is that case study should be defined as a "research strategy", an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context. To do a case study in qualitative research, carefully select a specific subject and use appropriate data collection methods and analysis to attempt to understand the subject and surrounding circumstances -- also called context. Although they are considered generic, this does not mean that they are done with mediocrity. 4. Both case study and narrative research gather a great deal of highly detailed information on each case, e.g., a case study may collect a detailed account of a particular social program; or a narrative inquiry may result in long, very personal stories associated with a chronic illness. Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: Introduction. qualitative case study to answer the research questions that frame this study. Each of the research approaches involve using one or more data collection methods.These are some of the most common qualitative methods: Observations: recording what you have seen, heard, or encountered in detailed field notes. This type of research method is usually used in education or social sciences. Qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts. As you plan your research study, you must complete justification for your data collection methods. According to Maxwell (2005), the roles of a researcher in a qualitative research depend on the characteristics of qualitative research, which include naturalistic inquiry, holistic perspective, inductive analysis, qualitative data, personal contact and insight, unique case orientation, dynmic systems, empathetic neutrality, context sensitivity, subjectivity and design flexibility.A qualitative … Unlike ethnographic research, case studies do not necessarily focus on cultural aspects of a group or its members. The case study approach allows in-depth, multi-faceted explorations of complex issues in their real-life settings. A case study research paper usually examines a single subject of analysis, but case study papers can also be designed as a comparative investigation that shows relationships between two or more subjects. There are two key Case studies do have certain disadvantages that may include lack of rigor, challenges associated with data analysis and very little basis for generalizations of findings and conclusions. These studies answer "why" and "how" questions and are designed to investigate the conditions surrounding the subject being studied. A case study is a research method common in social science. The forms of inquiry include naturalistic inquiry, field study, interpretative research, case study, ethnography, participant observation, and inductive research. By opting for the case study research methodology, the researchers are able to give a quantitative approach and analyze the behavior with depth at the same time. This is an excellent source for finding definitions of key terms and descriptions of research design and practice, techniques of data gathering, analysis, and reporting, and information about theories of research [e.g., grounded theory]. A case study’s design can be considerably less predetermined than many other forms of research, evolving in many ways dependent on the nature of the eventual case (Thomas, 2011). To help you master qualitative research, here are a few methods you can use. In the view of Yin, “the case study represents an empirical research that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, and includes a method comprehensive, with the logic of planning, gathering and data analysis.†Can include both single case studies as multiple, as well as quantitative approaches and qualitative research. A case study can be understood as a type of empirical research that aims to describe and analyze data gained through observations of one or more cases. Therefore, case studies offer the "opportunity for a holistic view of a process" (PATTON & APPELBAUM, 2003, p.63). Additionally, case studies can be qualitative and/or quantitative. 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